Arcane Security Portal - Telecoms

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There are 30 entries in the glossary.
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Term	Definition
Access Gateway Control Function (AGCF)	The Access Gateway Control Function (AGCF) and Access Media Gateway Function (A-MGF) are crucial components in IMS, enabling IMS infrastructures to connect to and control legacy TDM access networks. PSTN/ISDN users accesses an AGCF first in order to access the IMS.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)	Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. A table, usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing address conversion in both directions.

Application Servers (AS)	Application servers (AS) interface with the S-CSCF using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to provide IMS users with Services. An example of an application server is the that is being developed in 3GPP is the Voice call continuity Function (VCC Server). An AS can be located in the home network or in an external third-party network.

ARPANET	Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, a pioneer packet-switched network that was built in the early 1970s under contract to the US Government, led to the development of today's Internet, and was decommissioned in June 1990.

Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA)	AKA is a security protocol widely used in 3G networks. AKA is also used for one-time password generation in the HTTP protocol. In IMS the protocol is used for User Device authentication.

Autonomous System	One network or series of networks that are all under one administrative control. An autonomous system is also sometimes referred to as a routing domain. An autonomous system is assigned a globally unique number, sometimes called an Autonomous System Number (ASN).

Breakout Gateway (BGCF)	A BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Function) is a SIP server that includes routing functionality based on telephone numbers. It is only used when calling from the IMS to a phone in a circuit switched network, such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or the Public land mobile network (PLMN).

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)	CSCF provides session control for subscribers accessing services within the IM (IP Multimedia) CN. In essence the CSCF is a SIP Server. It has responsibility for interacting with network databases such as the HSS for mobility and AAA (Access, Authorization and Accounting) Servers for security. There are three types of CSCFs: proxy (P-CSCF), interrogating (I-CSCF), and serving (S-CSCF) each performing a different function but together forming the overall call and session control

Diameter	Diameter is a computer networking protocol for AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting). It is a successor to RADIUS.

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)	The HSS is a master user database that supports the IMS network entities that actually handle calls. It contains the subscription-related information (user profiles), performs authentication and authorization of the user, and can provide information about the user's physical location. It is similar to the GSM Home Location Register (HLR) and Authentication Centre (AUC).

Interrogating-CSCF(I-CSCF)	A I-CSCF is another SIP function located at the edge of an administrative domain(e.g. edge of IMS). Its IP address is published in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the domain , so that remote servers from other IMS domains can find it, and use it as a forwarding point (e.g. registering) for SIP packets to this domain

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)	The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural framework for delivering internet protocol (IP) multimedia to mobile users. It was originally designed by the wireless standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and is part of the vision for evolving mobile networks beyond GSM. Its original formulation (3GPP R5) represented an approach to delivering "Internet services" over GPRS. This vision was later updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and TISPAN by requiring support of networks other than GPRS, such as Wireless LAN, CDMA2000 and fixed line

IP Security (IPSec)	IPsec is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and/or encrypting each IP packet in a data stream.

Lawful Interception (LI)	Lawful interception is the interception of telecommunications by law enforcement agencies (LEA's) and intelligence services, in accordance with local law and after following due process and receiving proper authorization from competent authorities.

Lawfull Intereception- Internal Intercep	In an Lawfull Interception architecture the IIF function performs the actual capture of user data and transmits them to the LI mediation device.

Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)	The MGCF controls the MGW to send or receive calls from/to PSTN.

Next Generation Network (NGN)	Next Generation Networking (NGN) is a broad term to describe that one network transports all information and services (voice, data, and all sorts of media such as video) by encapsulating these into packets, like it is on the Internet.

Proxy – CSCF(P-CSCF)	A Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF) is a SIP proxy that is the first point of contact for the IMS terminal. It can be located either in the visited network (in full IMS networks) or in the home network. he terminal discovers its P-CSCF with either DHCP, or it is assigned in the PDP Context (in General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).

Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP)	The Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is an Internet protocol standard that specifies a way for programs to manage the real-time transmission of multimedia data over either unicast or multicast network services. Originally specified in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFC) 1889.

Secure / Multipurpose Internet Mail Exte	The S/MIME is a security protocol original proposed by RSA to secure email encapsulated with the MIME format. The S/MIME uses public key encryption and digital signatures. Currently much research is been proposed to use S/MIME to provide confidentiality to IMS and SIP based networks.

Secure-RTP (SRTP)	Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (or SRTP) defines a profile of RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol), intended to provide encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. SRTP uses the AES encryption algorithm. For message authentication and Integrity protection the SRTP uses the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm.

Security Gateways (SEG)	SEGs are located at the edge of an IMS domain. They develop Network Domain Security (NDS) structures which protect one IMS system from another IMS providing security to IP based protocols . NDS/IP traffic passes through SEG before entering or leaving the security domain.

Serving- CSCF (S-CSCF)	A Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF) is the central node of the signalling plane. It is a SIP server, but performs session control too. It is always located in the home network. It uses two interfaces to the HSS to download and upload user profiles — it has no local storage of the user. All necessary information is loaded from the HSS.

Session Border Controller (SBC)	SBCs are a central point to a IMS architecture. In reallity SBCs are systems that incorporate a number of the IMS components including P-CSCF, Firewalls and NAT devices. SBCs are used as the first point of connection for UA. In some cases SBCs place VoIP calls forwarded from UA devices. SBCs incorporate also the LI functionality required in IMS and bypass NAT traversal problems. SBCs also protect against DoS attacks.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)	The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control (signaling) protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions with one or more participants. It can be used to create two-party, multiparty, or multicast sessions that include Internet telephone calls, multimedia distribution, and multimedia conferences. (cit. RFC 3261). SIP is designed to be independent of the underlying transport layer; it can run on TCP, UDP, or SCTP. The latest version of the specification is RFC 3261 SIP uses Invite messages to allow users place phone calls and Bye messages to allow users end phone calls.

Spam Over Internet Telephony (SPIT)	A technique on which adversaries use a VoIP network to place unsolicited advertising phone calls (similar to SPAM).

Transport Layer Security (TLS)	Is a successor of the SSL cryptographic protocol. It is used to provide secure communication and authentication over the Internet using digital certificates

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)	TFTP is a very simple file transfer protocol, with the functionality of a very basic form of FTP. It is widely used by network equipment like, routers, switches, access points, VoIP Phones and IP cameras to read or write configuration files and firmware updates.

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)	URI is a compact string of characters used to identify a name or resource. For example: SIP URI: SIP_USER@IMS.Domain.com and TEL URI: +300 210 400

User Agent (UA)	A user agent is the client application that uses the SIP protocols to connect a user to the IMS architecture. Sometimes is also called User Equipment (UE).

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Glossary V2.0